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The Basics of Law

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Law

Law is the set of rules that social and governmental institutions must abide by. It has variously been described as a science or as the art of justice. State-enforced laws are made by the legislature, either through a group or single legislator, by the executive via decrees or by judges in common law jurisdictions. In addition, private individuals can create legally binding contracts and arbitration agreements.

Natural law

The theory of natural law posits that human beings are guided by universal moral rules. These laws should be the basis for a just society. The concept of natural law was first discussed in the Bible. Later, the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Roman philosopher Cicero addressed the idea. While the concept is not an absolute, natural law may influence and inspire other laws. For example, laws prohibiting drunken driving are inspired by natural law.

The law of nations

The Law of Nations is a treatise on international law written by Emerich de Vattel. It is an important legal work that explains the role of nation states in global affairs. The book also discusses the importance of national sovereignty.

Public law

Public law is the body of law that governs the legal relationships between people and the government. It also governs the relationship among the various branches of government. This type of law is of direct concern to society.

Private or civil law

Private or civil law is the field of law that governs relationships between individuals within a legal system. It differs from public law, which governs the relationship between a government and an individual. Examples of private law include contracts and obligations, and the law that governs business transactions.

Aviation law

Aviation law is a branch of law that deals with air travel and flight. It has some overlap with admiralty law and is considered international law because of the nature of air travel.

Tax law

Tax law covers the rules and procedures governing the collection and payment of taxes. It includes income taxation, social security taxation, payroll taxes, and business taxes. The federal government collects these taxes, as well as other fees and taxes, and states assess administrative fees, as well as local taxes relating to sales and services. Lawyers who practice tax law must be familiar with the interplay between these different forms of taxation.

Environmental protection

The environmental protection law stipulates the requirements for enterprises to follow the basic principles of environmental protection. The aim of environmental protection is to protect life environments from pollution, damage and destruction. According to the law, enterprises should make comprehensive plans and take practical measures to protect the environment. They should also take steps to eliminate pollution in a systematic manner.

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